CONSTRUCTION OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED VEHICLE SPEED ALARM
ABSTRACT
The project is based on Construction of microcontroller vehicle speed alarm system which automatically warns the driver by activating a panic alarm which is triggered on when the driver exceeds the speed limit set in the system which also stops the alarm when the speed is reduced below the set speed limit. A speedometer system is used to monitor the speed of the car. The voltage output of the speedometer system is used to set the time the alarm comes on. The other component parts of the system are power unit which comprises of 5volts regulator and diode for reverse voltage prevention, micro controller, analog to digital converter (ADC), LED, resistors, transistors, wires and potentiometer. By proper steps, time and knowledge, one was able to couple the components together to achieve the desired functions which are stated in the various chapters of this report. This system can be used for road safety and measures taken to prevent accident caused by over speeding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 The aim and objective
1.3 Scope of the project
1.4 Project report organization
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Historical background
2.2Speedometer
2.3 Voltage regulator
2.4Transformer
2.5Diodes
2.6The opt-coupler
2.7 Potentiometer
2.8 Transistor
2.9 Resistor
2.10 Microcontroller
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM OPERATION
3.1 Block diagram of the project
3.2 Circuit diagram and operation
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
4.1 Software designing
4.2 Calculating led resistor value
4.3 Constructed system circuit
CHAPTER FIVE: TEST OF RESULTS, PACKAGING
5.1 Testing of the individual components
5.2 Unit by unit testing
5.3 System testing
5.4 Integration
5.5 Packaging
CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Problems encountered and solutions
6.3 Suggestion for further improvements
6.4 Recommendation
APPENDIX A: List of system components
APPENDIX B: Component cost table
APPENDIX C: System source code
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Fig1.1: A modern speedometer
Fig2.1: A7805 voltage regulator
Fig2.2: Diagram of step down transformer
Fig2.3: Diode and its symbol
Fig2.4: Diode curve graph
Fig2.5: Opt-isolator with phototransistor
Fig2.6: LED and its circuit symbol
Fig2.7: Potentiometer
Fig2.8: Transistor symbol
Fig2.9: Resistor and its symbol
Fig2.10: Resistor with colour bands
Fig2.11: The pin layout of the microcontroller
Fig2.12: Architecture of the PIC16F88 microcontroller
Fig3.1: Block diagram of the project
Fig 3.2: Flow chart
Fig3.3: Power supply diagram
Fig3.4: Hall Effect module
Fig3.5: LED integrated to the control unit (microcontroller)
Fig3.6: Complete system diagram
Fig4.1: Calculating LED resistor value
Fig4.2: System unit
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 2.1: The data sheet
Table 2.2: Colour code and tolerance
Appendix B Component cost analysis table
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 The aim and objective
1.3 Scope of the project
1.4 Project report organization
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Historical background
2.2Speedometer
2.3 Voltage regulator
2.4Transformer
2.5Diodes
2.6The opt-coupler
2.7 Potentiometer
2.8 Transistor
2.9 Resistor
2.10 Microcontroller
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM OPERATION
3.1 Block diagram of the project
3.2 Circuit diagram and operation
CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
4.1 Software designing
4.2 Calculating led resistor value
4.3 Constructed system circuit
CHAPTER FIVE: TEST OF RESULTS, PACKAGING
5.1 Testing of the individual components
5.2 Unit by unit testing
5.3 System testing
5.4 Integration
5.5 Packaging
CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Problems encountered and solutions
6.3 Suggestion for further improvements
6.4 Recommendation
APPENDIX A: List of system components
APPENDIX B: Component cost table
APPENDIX C: System source code
BIBLIOGRAPHY
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
Fig1.1: A modern speedometer
Fig2.1: A7805 voltage regulator
Fig2.2: Diagram of step down transformer
Fig2.3: Diode and its symbol
Fig2.4: Diode curve graph
Fig2.5: Opt-isolator with phototransistor
Fig2.6: LED and its circuit symbol
Fig2.7: Potentiometer
Fig2.8: Transistor symbol
Fig2.9: Resistor and its symbol
Fig2.10: Resistor with colour bands
Fig2.11: The pin layout of the microcontroller
Fig2.12: Architecture of the PIC16F88 microcontroller
Fig3.1: Block diagram of the project
Fig 3.2: Flow chart
Fig3.3: Power supply diagram
Fig3.4: Hall Effect module
Fig3.5: LED integrated to the control unit (microcontroller)
Fig3.6: Complete system diagram
Fig4.1: Calculating LED resistor value
Fig4.2: System unit
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Table 2.1: The data sheet
Table 2.2: Colour code and tolerance
Appendix B Component cost analysis table
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The dashboard instrument cluster in a car organizes a variety of sensors and gauges, including the oil pressure gauge, coolant temperature gauge, fuel level gauge, tachometer and more. But the most prominent gauge and perhaps the most important, at least in terms of how many times you look at it while driving is the speedometer. The job of the speedometer is to indicate the speed of a car in milesper hour, kilometers per hour or both. Even in late-model cars, it's an analog device that uses a needle to point to a specific speed, which the driver reads as a number printed on a dial.
As with any emerging technology, the first speedometers were expensive and available only as options. It wasn't until 1910 that automobile manufacturers began to include the speedometer as standard equipment. One of the first speedometer suppliers was Otto Schulze Auto meter (OSA), a legacy company of Siemens VDO Automotive AG, one of the leading developers of modern instrument clusters.
